Ech0's Blog

Ech0 - 00 / 00 / 00

The Linux Terminal

Description:



This cheatsheet covers the vital comands of the Linux Terminal in a simple manner, along with a few tricks.

Part 1 : Basic Commands



Concepts : Directory Tree , Directory / Files

  • ls : List directory contents
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → ls
  ipsweep.sh  python101.py

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → ls -l
  total 8
  -rw-r--r-- 1 ech0 users 555 Sep  1 20:24 ipsweep.sh
  -rw-r--r-- 1 ech0 users 812 May 20  2019 python101.py

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → ls -la
  total 16
  drwxr-xr-x  2 ech0 users 4096 Nov 17 09:17 .
  drwxr-xr-x 12 ech0 users 4096 Nov 17 09:17 ..
  -rw-r--r--  1 ech0 users  555 Sep  1 20:24 ipsweep.sh
  -rw-r--r--  1 ech0 users  812 May 20  2019 python101.py
  • cd : Change working directory
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop ]
  → ls
  Clarity  Coding  CV  HTBnotes.ctb  progress.jpg  reseaux  SIO  steam.desktop  TeX  Tools  USBSAVEDDD

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop ]
  → cd Coding/C++

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/C++ ]
  → cd ../../Coding/Python

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Python ]
  → cd /home/ech0/Desktop/Coding/PHP
  • pwd : Print working directory
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/PHP ]
  → pwd
  /home/ech0/Desktop/Coding/PHP

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/PHP ]
  → cd ..

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding ]
  → pwd
  /home/ech0/Desktop/Coding

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding ]
  → cd Ruby

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Ruby ]
  → pwd
  /home/ech0/Desktop/Coding/Ruby
  • mv : move files 
    • λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  python101.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ mv python101.py NEWFILE.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ mv NEWFILE.py ../Pentest/NEWFILE2.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE2.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ mv ../Pentest/NEWFILE2.py /home/ech0/Desktop/Coding/Pentest/NEWFILE3.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE3.py
  • cp : copy files 
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cp NEWFILE3.py NEWFILE4.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cp NEWFILE3.py NEWFILE5.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cp NEWFILE3.py NEWFILE6.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE3.py  NEWFILE4.py  NEWFILE5.py  NEWFILE6.py
  • rm : remove files
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE3.py  NEWFILE4.py  NEWFILE5.py  NEWFILE6.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ rm NEWFILE3.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ rm NEWFILE5.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ rm NEWFILE6.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ls
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE4.py
  • cat : Concatenate File(s) to standard output
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat file.txt
MESSAGE 2
MESSAGE 3
MESSAGE 4
  • sudo : Execute command with administrating privileges 
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat file.txt
cat: file.txt: Permission denied

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ sudo cat file.txt
[sudo] password for ech0:
MESSAGE 2
MESSAGE 3
MESSAGE 4
  • su : Log into the root user account
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ su
Password:

λ root [ 93.22.150.211 ] [Desktop/Coding/Pentest] → cat file.txt
MESSAGE 2
MESSAGE 3
MESSAGE 4

Part 2 : The Linux Filesystem



Concepts : syntax highlighting, text editor, chmod

Part 3 : Multiple Commands



Concepts : Pipe Concatenation, stdin/stdout/stderr, && || , output to file

  • &&, and || 
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat NEWFILE4.py || ls
cat: NEWFILE4.py: Permission denied
ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE4.py

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat NEWFILE4.py && ls
cat: NEWFILE4.py: Permission denied
  • > , < , 2 >
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat NEWFILE4.py
cat: NEWFILE4.py: Permission denied

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat NEWFILE4.py > /dev/null
cat: NEWFILE4.py: Permission denied

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ cat NEWFILE4.py 2> /dev/null
  • Pipe | and grep example
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ifconfig
enp1s0f1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 80:fa:5b:5b:43:34  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 186078  bytes 263031096 (250.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 79100  bytes 6063644 (5.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 712  bytes 61348 (59.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 712  bytes 61348 (59.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.43.96  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.43.255
        inet6 fe80::fdb6:ab93:652b:bbf0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 0c:54:15:a8:2c:30  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 94353  bytes 98938553 (94.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 46512  bytes 4860172 (4.6 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ifconfig | grep "inet"
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        inet 192.168.43.96  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.43.255
        inet6 fe80::fdb6:ab93:652b:bbf0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
→ ifconfig | grep "inet 127"
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
  • Redirecting output to a file
    •   λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → ls
  ipsweep.sh  NEWFILE4.py

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → echo "MESSAGE 1" > file.txt

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → echo "MESSAGE 2" > file.txt

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → cat file.txt
  MESSAGE 2

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → echo "MESSAGE 3" >> file.txt

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → echo "MESSAGE 4" >> file.txt

  λ ech0 [ 93.22.150.211 ] [ ~/Desktop/Coding/Pentest ]
  → cat file.txt
  MESSAGE 2
  MESSAGE 3
  MESSAGE 4

    Part 4 : Scripting



    Concepts : /bin/bash , .sh files